First, it's probably best to start by distinguishing between weak protection and strong protection: http://www.baseball1.com/faqs/protection-faq.html I totally believe that weak protection exists, but I'm not sure what difference it would have made for Aramis, who normally hits behind Lee, anyway. If anything, having Aramis in the lineup makes pitchers less likely to walk Lee, but not vice versa. I don't believe in "strong protection" - at least, not on the big league level - and there's a good but long article on that here: http://www.baseball1.com/bb-data/grabiner/protstudy.html I think it relates to the fact that Lee being on base 38-40% of the time would result in Ramirez seeing better pitchesbecause the pitcher doesn't want to put another guy on base. No statistical backup, just something that makes sense to me.