Pretty hardcore. I don't like the disrespect that I see some modern baseball fans showing to earlier era's in baseball, as if people back then didn't play the type of bang-bang, in your face, sport. Some say "well, they didn't throw as hard." That's bullcrap. Sure, some people with conditioning these days might be able to throw harder than some guy back then, but people on the most part threw just as hard. If guys out of 1A highschools in Podunk, Mississippi can throw 90+, then so could full grown men back then if they just had the talent for it. Hell, they obviously threw hard enough to kill a man, since Chapman got killed by Mays. I think some people just have rubber arms and they are born that way. Back then guys with weak arms would have been weeded out because of the stress and so the only guys who made it to the bigs and could deal with the stress of constant pitching were guys like Livan Hernandez or Zambrano or Randy Johnson. I could almost guarantee you that Zambrano could throw every third day. I know you're going to battle me on this (because you have before), but while I'll concede that pitchers back then probably threw as hard (a la Bob Feller), I just can't believe the hitters were as good on the whole. With the advances in nutrition, conditioning and sports "medicine", the average hitter now is much bigger, faster and stronger than even 20 years ago, not to mention 50. With new training techniques, even hand-eye is probably much better. This makes it more difficult for today's pitcher to maintain great stats, and while a pitcher in 1920 might have been able to produce on shortened rest, I find it unlikely in the extreme that they could do so against today's offensive beasts. Rather than your theory that weak armed pitchers were weeded out, I think great pitchers could get by with only a fraction of their stuff on a regular basis because the average batter really wasn't that great. And its counter intuitive; logic dictates that the overall talent pool todays is far, far greater than it was in the time of Cy Young, but somehow there aren't as many durable arms today? Add the dead ball into the mix. Another factor to consider is that there are more pitches available to pitchers today. Decades of innovation have seen new pitches developed, giving today's pitchers more weapons. And even so, modern hitters produce much more on average than the hitters of yesteryear. Now before you get too upset, let me clarify - I mean the average offensive player. If you look back over the years, you will find that there was much more disparity between the greats - Ruth, Cobb, etc. - and the rest of the league than there is between the stars of today and their peers. And while guys like Ruth and Cobb may have been able to produce at similar levels in today's league, they almost certainly would not have while indulging in the lifestyles they did when they were playing. While guys like Young, Walter Johnson and company would still have had to deal with awesome talents, there was a lot more chaff in between. Could Zambrano pitch every third day now? Probably. Would he be effective? Almost certainly not. The game is played on a different level than it was 80 or 70 years ago. Developments in science, as well as innovation and the influx of huge talent pools from Latin America, Asia and our own African American population have seen to that. Players today are bigger, faster and stronger. The balls are livelier, the parks smaller and the bats better. These are the main reasons that records like Young's 511 will stand.