Goaltending in other sports has to do with the timing, not what part of the body can be used. Those sports made it illegal to touch the ball at a certain point. No such rule exists in soccer. All the other sports deal with it in very limited circumstances (or again, have strict rules about when you can touch the ball). In soccer, it has the potential to happen all the time on any ball in the box. And has already been stated, there's a fair system already in place to deal with it that doesn't exist in those other sports (ejection, playing with a man down for the remainder of the match, and a high percentage goal opportunity.