I don't think walks are the opposite of strikeouts like that. When one goes up, the other doesn't necessarily (or even usually) go down. In fact, the easiest way to cut down on strikeouts would be to cut down on walks as well by swinging early in the count and just trying to make contact. This would result in reduced production for most players though. Excellent assessment. It's possible to have excellent plate discipline and yet still strike out. Strike outs are no worse than any other out. I agree in theory. But in the context of this discussion, the prevailing idea is that Sammy's increase in walks was primarily the result of developing greater plate disipline. To me that means he stopped swinging at bad pitches for strike three and started taking them for ball four. For that to be the case, his strikeout rate would have had to decline at about the same rate as his walk rate increased; in this case, it didn't. I believe that what led to Sammy's increase in walks was primarily his improvement at situational hitting. He still swung at plenty of pitches over his head or at his shoes; but he came to understand that there were situations where those were the only pitches he was going to get, and learned to leave the bat on his shoulder in those cases. And that is a form of plate disipline, I guess, but I don't think that's the kind that's being discussed in the article that started this thread. EDIT: I've been a little distracted today, so for some reason I have been using the phrase "plate discipline" in place of "strike zone judgement." Although one is a component of the other, they are certainly not interchangeable terms. I do believe that Sammy dramatically improved his plate discipline in 1998; it's his strike zone judgement that I don't think ever significantly improved. Sorry for the confusion.