This is probably going to be more than you ever wanted to know about RP level, but here goes nothing, Replacement level differs by each stat. Even though VORP and WARP stand for value over replacement player and wins over replacement player, the replacement player is not the same in each statistic. VORP is based off of marginal value lineup rate (MLVr). MLVr is an extension of runs created but uses team runs created and calculates the change in OBP, SLG, SB and CS (and a few other small things) when the player is insterted in the lineup, compared to just an average player. There are three key things to notice here. First, it's how many runs his OBP and SLG etc add to a league average lineup and it's the difference in runs over a league average player. Secondly, MLVr is not runs added over a player at your position and finally MLVr is none other than runs added per game played. Then MLVr is of course weighted for park, league, etc. Then it is converted to PMLVr which is runs per game added over an average hitter at the position played. Then it's converted to VORPr which is runs per game over a replacement level player at the players' position. A replacement level is described as about 70 points of OPS (35 each for SLG and OBP) lower than a league average player at that position. Finally VORPr is multiplied by games (which is actually figured out using PA% not games, duh) to find VORP. Of course they may physically calculate the differences in a different order, addition and subtraction are of course associative. In practice VORP's replacement level player is basically a AAA player - which is justified by the concept of replacement player which should be defined something like: A player who is freely available at the position for a low cost. WARP is quite a ways different. First, it's calculated based off of Equivalent Average, which put in simple terms is based roughly on total bases per plate appearance. Where total bases include SBs. It's a bit different, but for an informal definition that's fine. It's then scaled and adjusted for play into EqA on a scale of .260. This stuff is on their site I believe (it was like 2 years ago). I can go deeper if you want into how and the methodology behind it. EqA's scale is basically the same as BA. .260 is always average. .300 is good, .200 is bad and .400 is a top fifteen offense season. WARP basically has three different components: BRAR, FRAR and PRAR. BRAR is batting runs over a replacement level hitter. BRAR is calculated the same for EVERY position, pitchers included. This actually causes AL pitchers to have higher WARPs than their NL counterpart because most pitcher's EqA's are well below a RP level hitter's level. A replacement level hitter has an EqA of .230 by definition. EqA when it's in its adjusted state is basically value per out. BRAR is calculated by 5*Outs*(EqA^2.5-.230^2.5). It's not too tough. FRAR and PRAR are a lot different. As I said there's no position adjustement for BRAR. Their methodology runs that all hitters are hitters and should be compared to all hitters. The value so to speak of doing it at a harder position is factored in FRAR. The starting runs over a replacement player varies with position. It's based off of the James Defensive Spectrum: C, SS, 2B, CF, 3B, CO, 1B, DH. Notice there's nothing for pitchers. This is probably wrong. I hate WARP for pitchers. It's useless, but as bad as it has been for them, it gets worse. The runs per 162 games are set at 36, 32, 29, 24, 22, 14, 0 if my memory doesn't fail me. It's on their site somewhere. Then for each player they use Rate2 for the actual defensive component. Rate2 is something I am not familiar with the actual calculations other than that I know it's based off box scores and is easily one of the more terrible "new age" baseball defensive stats. Anyways Rate2 is based off 100 being average and is scaled to 100 games. If a player has a 109 Rate2 and plays 162 adjusted games at catcher (this is based on innings, not games played) then he's going to have a FRAR of 51. PRAR is pitching runs over a replacement pitcher, where a replacement pitcher's ERA is roughly 6.10 in a league average park (think Jason Marquis and what we got out of our 4-5 spots last year). However, PRAR has a lot of more adjustments. First the ERA/RA used is based off of NRA, not RA/ERA. To compute this there's an adjustment for the team's defense and the resulting RA is scaled to have the same winning power against average 4.50 R/G or RA which ever you want to call it. You can find this using your favorite pythagorean win formula. So for NRA, league average is 4.50. Then it's (6.10-NRA)*XIP. What's XIP? It's based of IP for the player, but this is another part of the formula I hate. They try to synthetically inject leverage into the WARP calculations for pitchers (but not for hitters hypocrites). This is done by redistributing innings pitched based on things like Ws, Ls and SVs. I don't know if they include holds or not. So yes, having an extra loss can actually improve your EqA. They formulized this somewhere on their site, but when I tried to do what they did it never worked for me, but some of the things they do made me laugh. It's really absurd. Anyways once you have your XIP, PRAR is pretty fair. Finally to compute WARP we have to add all of PRAR, BRAR and FRAR into one RAR stat, let's just call it total runs over replacement player (TRAR idk what, if anything, they call it). Someone earlier in this thread (or another?) mentioned that Rs --> Ws is roughly 10 per. While that's true, WARP takes it a step further. There's a diminishing marginal runs per win effect. So each successive run added is not worth as much as the one previous. WARP for ALL players is wins added starting at a replacement level team. This team is not as good as the 2003 Tigers. Think the immortal Cleveland Spiders. A RP team for WARP is good for about 20 wins. Yeah that's low. Anyways so the WARP column you see is not a good indicator of how many wins the player added, so at the point, what's the point? No pun intended. In practice a replacement level player for WARP is about a AA player. A lot of people think this is way too low. And they're probably right. Wow, that was long. I hope this clears it up and doesn't confuse you even more.